Effects of anlotinib on the malignant phenotype of glioma cells by mediating NF-κB signaling pathway / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of anlotinib on the malignant phenotype of glioma cells by regulating the nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway. METHODS Human glioma T98G cells were cultured in vitro， and 5-fluorouracil was used as positive control to investigate the effects of different concentrations of anlotinib （5， 10， 20 μmol/L） on the ability of proliferation， adhesion， migration and invasion， the expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） related proteins [E-cadherin， N-cadherin， vimentin and fibronectin （FN）]. NF- κB signaling pathway inhibitor （BAY 11-7082） and activator （prostratin） were additionally used to verify the possible mechanism of the above effects of anlotinib. RESULTS Anlotinib with 5， 10， 20 μmol/L could significantly decrease the activity of cell proliferation （except for 5 μmol/L anlotinib group）， migration rate， and the number of adherent cells and invasive cells， could significantly up-regulate the expression of E-cadherin protein while down-regulate the expressions of N-cadherin， vimentin and FN protein （P＜0.05）； the effect of 20 μmol/L anlotinib was similar to that of positive control （P＞0.05）. Compared with 10 μmol/L anlotinib， pathway inhibitor could significantly decrease the ability of proliferation， adhesion， migration and invasion， and the expressions of N-cadherin， vimentin， FN and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 protein， while could significantly up-regulate the expression of E-cadherin protein （P＜0.05）； above indexes were reversed significantly by pathway activator （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Anlotinib may inhibit the proliferation， adhesion， migration and invasion of human glioma T98G cells， which may be associated with the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway， thus inhibiting cell EMT-like processes.

Application of ultrasound shear wave elastography in the prediction of clinically relevant post-operative pancreatic fistula after pancreatectomy: a prospective study / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To quantitatively evaluate the stiffness of pancreatic parenchyma and lesions by virtual touch tissue imaging and quantification (VTIQ) technique, and to investigate the potential usefulness of ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) in the prediction of clinically relevant post-operative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) after pancreatectomy.Methods:Patients who scheduled to receive pancreatectomy were prospectively enrolled in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from March 2021 to December 2021. VTIQ assessment was applied to patients within one week before the scheduled surgery to make quantitative SWE evaluation of target tissue. The SWV values of body part pancreatic parenchyma and lesions were measured and recorded. The palpation stiffness of pancreas was qualitatively evaluated during the operation by the surgeon.CR-POPF was diagnosed according to 2016 International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula (ISGPF) standard.Grade B/C pancreatic fistula was defined as CR-POPF positive. Recognized peri-operative risk factors of CR-POPF were analyzed. ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of SWV value in predicting CR-POPF.Results:A total of 72 patients were finally enrolled in this study, including 47 (65.3%, 47/72) patients who received pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and 25 (34.7%, 25/72) patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy. CR-POPF occurred in 22 (30.6%, 22/72) patients after pancreatectomy. The SWV value of body part pancreatic parenchyma was significant lower in CR-POPF positive group than in CR-POPF negative group ( P<0.001). There was no significant difference in lesion SWV value between CR-POPF positive and negative groups ( P=0.664). Besides, the palpation stiffness was no difference between the two groups ( P=0.689). Taking SWV value of pancreatic parenchyma >1.16 m/s as a cut-off value for predicting CR-POPF, the area under the ROC curve (AUROC) was 0.816 with 0.760 of sensitivity, 0.634 of specificity, 67.5% of positive predictive value and 72.5% of negative predictive value, respectively. Conclusions:The VTIQ method may improve the objectivity and accuracy of CR-POPF prediction via pre-operative, non-invasive and quantitative evaluation of pancreatic stiffness, which has potential value in clinical applications.

Preoperative prediction of Ki-67 level in hepatocellular carcinoma based on radiomics signatures during Kupffer phase of Sonazoid contrast enhanced ultrasound / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the value of Sonazoid contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in preoperative prediction of proliferating cell nuclear antigen 67 (Ki-67) level of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by establishing predictive model based on radiomics features of Kupffer phase.Methods:From October 2020 to August 2021, patients with histologically confirmed HCC lesion and who underwent Sonazoid CEUS examination 1 week before surgery were prospectively enrolled. The radiomics signatures were extracted from the whole tumor region on gray scale images and Kupffer phase images. Two predictive radiomics models were constructed using radiomic method. The predictive performance of 2 models was compared.Results:A total of 50 patients with histologically confirmed single HCC lesions were prospectively enrolled in this study. Among them, histological results revealed 24 HCC lesions with high level representation of Ki-67 (>20%) and 26 HCC lesions with low level representation of Ki-67 (≤20%). Two radiomics predictive models were established based on gray scale images and Kupffer phase images respectively. While compared with model based on B-mode ultrasound images, model based on Kupffer phase images showed significantly higher area under receiver operating characteristic curve (0.753 vs 0.535, P=0.017), accuracy (0.720 vs 0.580, P=0.023) and sensitivity (0.458 vs 0.250, P=0.043). Calibration plot indicated that Kupffer phase model showed better consistency with the actual Ki-67 level than gray scale model. Conclusions:The radiomics model based on Kupffer phase features of Sonazoid CEUS is a preoperative and noninvasive prediction the presentation level of Ki-67 in HCC lesions.

Correlation between social and physical anhedonia and intrinsic motivation in patients with schizophrenia / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the social and physical anhedonia and its relationship to intrinsic motivation in patients with schizophrenia.Methods:One hundred and twenty-five stable schizophrenic patients from three psychiatric hospitals in Hefei, Wuhu and Beihai, and 101 healthy controls from same communities were recruited.All subjects completed Chinese version of revised social anhedonia scale(RSAS-C), Chinese version of revised physical anhedonia scale(RPAS-C) and intrinsic motivation inventory for schizophrenia research(IMI-SR), while positive and negative syndrome scale(PANSS) and Calgary depression scale for schizophrenia(CDSS) were used to assess the clinical symptoms of schizophrenic patients.All analyses were conducted by SPSS 26.0 software.The Mann-Whitney U test and covariance analysis were used for comparison between the groups, and Spearman correlation and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to explore the association between the anhedonia and intrinsic motivation in schizophrenics. Results:Compared with controls, the RSAS-C (10.00(6.00, 14.00) vs 11.00(8.00, 15.00), Z=-2.187, P<0.05) and RPAS-C (12.00(7.50, 20.00) vs 16.00(10.00, 23.00), Z=-3.026, P<0.01) scores in patients were higher, but the differerce between the groups disappeared after controlling age, sex and years of education.The IMI-SR perceived choice subscore (31.00(28.00, 39.00 vs 36.00(31.00, 42.00), Z=-3.172, P<0.01) were lower, while value/usefulness subscores (41.00(35.00, 45.00) vs 36.00(32.00, 42.00), Z=-3.387, P<0.01) were higher in patients than those in controls, and there was no significant difference between the total score and interest/enjoyment subscore(both P<0.05). In patents, Spearman correlation analysis showed that the RSAS-C and RPAS-C scores were significant negatively correlated with the IMI-SR total scores and interest/enjoyment subscore, perceived choice and value/usefulness( r=-0.193--0.364, all P<0.05), which still existed after controlling age, sex, years of education, course of disease, antipsychotic dose, and scores of PANSS and CDSS.Logistic regression analysis showed that the score of RSAS-C( B=-0.096, 95% CI=0.836-0.998, P=0.025) and perceived choice subscore( B=-0.110, 95% CI=0.823-0.974, P=0.010) had negative effects on the IMI-SR total score. Conclusion:There is a correlation between anhedonia and intrinsic motivation in patients with schizophrenia, the higher the social anhedonia, the lower the intrinsic motivation to participate in cognitive activities, suggesting that intervention for social anhedonia may have significance in improving the intrinsic motivation of patients with cognitive rehabilitation therapy.

The mechanism of microglia in exercise ameliorating depression / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Depression has become one of the most important causes of disability worldwide. Although traditional treatment methods such as drug therapy, physical therapy and psychological intervention have positive effects, they still have limitations such as high treatment cost, high drug side effects, high recurrence rate and poor compliance. Exercise therapy, as a treatment recommended by many guidelines, has many advantages such as simple and convenient, few side effects, and strong persistence. Studies have shown that exercise can relieve depression through a variety of mechanisms, but there is still a lack of effective targets for the treatment of depression. Microglia is an innate immune cell in the central nervous system. In recent years, the role of microglia in neuroinflammation in depression and other mental diseases has attracted more and more attention. Thus, microglia may be a key target for exercise to alleviate depression. This article discusses the relationship between exercise and microglia phenotypes as well as depression, and proposes future research directions on microglia-mediated exercise to improve depression, in order to provide new ideas and directions for the clinical treatment of depression.

Spatio-temporal distribution of emerging snail-infested sites in different environmental types in Yunnan Province / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To explore the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of emerging snail-infested sites in different environmental types in Yunnan Province.Methods:The data of snail-infested sites in Yunnan Province from 1950 to 2014 (from Yunnan Institute for Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention), were collected and sorted out, a spatial and temporal database on the distribution of emerging snail-infested sites were established, and the changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of emerging snail-infested sites in different environments types (ditches, tangerines, paddy fields, dry land, beaches and other environments) were studied by using spatial autocorrelation analysis and scanning statistics analysis.Results:From 1950 to 2014, the annual number of emerging snail-infested sites in Yunnan Province reached a peak (1 730) in 1955 and then showed a fluctuating downward trend. From 1993 to 2014, the number of emerging snail-infested sites remained below 100, and increased to 160 and 131, respectively, in 2004 and 2013. The longest mean duration of 43.85 years was recorded for the beaches environment for emerging snail-infested sites, followed by the paddy fields environment with a mean duration of 37.01 years, and the shortest mean duration of 20.44 years for the tangerines environment. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there was a positive spatial correlation between the duration of emerging snail-infested sites of different environmental types (global Moran's I ranged from 0.43 to 0.64, P < 0.05). Scanning statistics analysis showed that emerging snail-infested sites of different environmental types had spatial and temporal aggregation ( P < 0.001), with 3- 6 clusters of statistically significant aggregation detected respectively. Conclusion:The emerging snail-infested sites in different environments types in Yunnan Province have spatial and temporal aggregation, and it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and prevention and control of the aggregation areas of different environment types to prevent further spread of the snail.

Effect of the comprehensive intervention measures on Yunnan unexplained sudden death in Dali Prefecture / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of comprehensive intervention measures on Yunnan unexplained sudden death (YUSD) in Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and to provide scientific basis for improving the prevention and control measures.Methods:Since 2010, Yunnan Province had implemented comprehensive intervention measures in ward areas according to the etiological pattern of YUSD. In July 2019, 47 families with YUSD were selected as case families and 23 families without YUSD were selected as control families in 31 natural villages of Heqing, Xiangyun, Yunlong, Eryuan, Jianchuan, Binchuan and Nanjian counties of Dali Prefecture. A unified questionnaire was used to investigate the basic information, economic status, dietary structure, and health literacy of the families during the two periods of "the first sudden death case" and "the present".Results:The annual household income of the case families at present (median, 20 492.6 yuan) was significantly higher than that of the first sudden death case (3 883.4 yuan), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z = - 5.27, P < 0.001). At present, rice (76.6%, 36/47) was the main diet of the case families; at the time of the first sudden death case, 23.4% (11/47) of the case families could not eat enough, and there was no such situation in the case families at present. Compared with the time of the first sudden death case, the dietary habits of the case families at present were as follows: the proportion of eating Trogia venenata decreased from 19.0% (39/205) to 0 (0/190), the proportion of eating wild fruit decreased from 17.1% (35/205) to 9.5% (18/190), and the proportion of drinking raw water decreased from 55.1% (113/205) to 42.1% (80/190), and the differences were statistically significant (χ 2 = 22.37, 4.90, 6.86, P < 0.05). Lifestyle and health awareness: the proportion of those who washed their hands before meals and after using the toilet increased from 9.8% (20/205) to 41.6% (79/190), those who did not overwork increased from 16.6% (34/205) to 34.2% (65/190), and those who took good protection when spraying pesticides increased from 7.3% (15/205) to 21.6% (41/190), and the differences were statistically significant (χ 2 = 53.17, 33.94, 16.48, P < 0.001). Toilet habits: the proportion of using outdoor toilet decreased from 75.6% (155/205) to 9.5% (18/190), the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 175.21, P < 0.001). When the first sudden death case occurred, the proportions of eating Trogia venenata and using outdoor toilet in the case families were higher than those in the control families (χ 2 = 22.37, 23.70, P < 0.001), the proportions of those who washed their hands before meals and after using the toilet and those who did not overwork in the case families were lower than those in the control families (χ 2 = 7.38, 4.93, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The economic conditions, production and living conditions of YUSD areas in Dali Prefecture have been significantly improved, and the health literacy and health prevention awareness of the population have been greatly improved. Economic conditions and living standard, dietary structure and health literacy may be related factors of YUSD.

Theory and Practice of Policy Change: Current Situation and Countermeasures of Village-level Health Human Resource Distribution in Field Research in H District of Beijing / 中国医学伦理学

【Objective:】 To explore the current situation and problems of village-level health human resource allocation based on the theory of policy change, and to help rural revitalization and healthy rural construction from the perspective of "consolidating the basic level foundation as fundamental policy". 【Methods:】 a) Information census method. A round-the-box survey on the distribution of health human resources at village-level in 14 rural towns and villages in H district was conducted. b) In-depth interview method. Based on the principle of information saturation, three township and villages clinics and community stations were selected for field observation, and in-depth personal interviews were conducted with key insiders. 【Results:】 The health policy environment changed significantly with the spatiotemporal changes. "Hollow village" and "inverted village" coexisted. The change of registered population and permanent resident population accelerated, old village doctors and new village doctors continued on the same hand, village clinics and community station were in "double track" of management progress. With the change of internal and external environment of the above-mentioned policies, the allocation of health human resources at village level needs to be studied urgently. 【Discussion:】 Under the dual function of external and internal environment, the policy change is inevitable. The health human resource distribution at village-level should be integrated with the system in terms of policy. The career development mechanism is connected up and down. Team construction revolves around suitable and applicable for batch training.

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy Updates of Rare Oncogenic Mutations in Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (2023 Edition) / 肿瘤防治研究

The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) issued the new version of the guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC in April 2023.The new version updated the diagnostic and therapeutic strategy of rare oncogenic mutations, including ROS1 fusion, BRAF V600E mutation, NTRK fusion, MET exon 14 skipping mutation, RET fusion, and EGFR exon 20 insertion mutation, in NSCLC.This review will interpret the most important updates in the guidelines 2023 regarding the diagnosis as well as first-line and post-line therapies of these rare oncogenic mutations.

Molluscicidal effect of spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones against Oncomelania hupensis in hilly regions / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To establish a snail control approach for spraying chemicals with drones against Oncomelania hupensis in complex snail habitats in hilly regions, and to evaluate its molluscicidal effect. Methods The protocol for evaluating the activity of spraying chemical molluscicides with drones against O. hupensis snails was formulated based on expert consultation and literature review. In August 2022, a pretest was conducted in a hillside field environment (12 000 m2) north of Dafengji Village, Dacang Township, Weishan County, Yunnan Province, which was assigned into four groups, of no less than 3 000 m2 in each group. In Group A, environmental cleaning was not conducted and 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules were sprayed with drones at a dose of 40 g/m2, and in Group B, environmental cleaning was performed, followed by 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules sprayed with drones at a dose of 40 g/m2, while in Group C, environmental cleaning was not conducted and 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules were sprayed with knapsack sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m2, and in Group D, environmental cleaning was performed, followed by 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules sprayed with knapsack sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m2. Then, each group was equally divided into six sections according to land area, with Section 1 for baseline surveys and sections 2 to 6 for snail surveys after chemical treatment. Snail surveys were conducted prior to chemical treatment and 1, 3, 5, 7 days post-treatment, and the mortality and corrected mortality of snails, density of living snails and costs of molluscicidal treatment were calculated in each group. Results The mortality and corrected mortality of snails were 69.49%, 69.09%, 53.57% and 83.48%, and 68.58%, 68.17%, 52.19% and 82.99% in groups A, B, C and D 14 days post-treatment, and the density of living snails reduced by 58.40%, 63.94%, 68.91% and 83.25% 14 days post-treatment relative to pre-treatment in four groups, respectively. The median concentrations of chemical molluscicides were 37.08, 35.42, 42.50 g/m2 and 56.25 g/m2 in groups A, B, C and D, and the gross costs of chemical treatment were 0.93, 1.50, 0.46 Yuan per m2 and 1.03 Yuan per m2 in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. Conclusions The molluscicidal effect of spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones against O. hupensis snails is superior to manual chemical treatment without environmental cleaning, and chemical treatment with drones and manual chemical treatment show comparable molluscicidal effects following environmental cleaning in hilly regions. The cost of chemical treatment with drones is slightly higher than manual chemical treatment regardless of environmental cleaning. Spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones is recommended in complex settings with difficulty in environmental cleaning to improve the molluscicidal activity and efficiency against O. hupensis snails.

Study of government responsibility on village clinics construction / 中华医院管理杂志

As the " bottom" of the rural three-level medical and health network, the village clinic is the closest medical and health institution to the villagers. Through field research on H District of Beijing, the author found that the government implemented the management responsibility of village clinics by issuing health policies to carry out the standardization construction, strengthened the practice management of village doctors, and stabilized the income source of rural doctors, so that village doctors could better assume the functions of village level public health and prevention and treatment of common diseases. However, the unclear ownership relationship of village clinics and the labor relationship of village doctors, the differences in hardware configuration and the convergence of post responsibilities under different management systems affected the government′s implementation of the management responsibility of village clinics. Therefore, it could be necessary to pay attention to the change of policy environment, timely reform and mechanism integration of village clinics, and establish a career development mechanism connecting counties and villages. The bottleneck in the construction of village clinics will be broken, and the goal of " quality medical and health services nearby" for rural residents will be realized.

Study on the mechanism of modified Xianfang huoming decoction relieving sepsis-induced liver injury in rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of modified Xianfang huoming decoction in the treatment of sepsis- induced liver injury from the perspective of gut microbiota and metabolites. METHODS Sixty SD rats were divided into blank group （normal saline）， model group （normal saline）， positive control drug group （Dexamethasone tablet， 5.0 mg/kg）， modified Xianfang huoming decoction high-dose， middle-dose and low-dose groups （6.0， 3.0， 1.5 g/kg， calculated by crude drug） according to equilibrium-partitioning approach of body mass， with 10 rats in each group. They were given relevant drug/normal saline 10 mL/ kg， once a day， for consecutive 14 days. After the last medication， except for blank group， other groups were given intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide 10 mg/kg to induce sepsis model. Twelve hours after modeling， serum levels of inflammatory indexes in rats [interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-6， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）] and liver function indicators [total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， aspartate transaminase （AST）， alanine transaminase （ALT）] were detected. The changes of gut microbiota and liver metabolites in rats were analyzed by 16S rRNA technology and liver metabolomics. RESULTS Modified Xianfang huoming decoction could significantly improve the indexes of serum inflammatory indexes and liver function in rats with sepsis-induced liver injury （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； there was a significant callback effect on the relative abundance of 11 genera of bacteria （such as Akkermansia， Lactobacillus and Bilophila） among the 5 dominant phyla（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Twelve metabolites related to liver injury caused by sepsis were identified， such as glycine cholic acid， phosphatidylcholine， taurine （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， mainly involving glycerol phospholipid metabolism， purine metabolism and primary bile acid metabolism. CONC LUSIONS Modified Xianfang huoming decoction can improve liver injury induced by sepsis by regulating gut microbiota and liver metabolites.

Different procedures combined with Toric intraocular lens implantation on age-related hard nuclear cataract / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To compare the curative effect of different surgical methods combined with Toric intraocular lens(IOL)implantation on age-related hard nuclear cataract.METHODS:According to retrospective study, 104 patients(104 eyes)with age-related hard nuclear cataract confirmed in the hospital between January 2020 and December 2021 were enrolled. They were divided into phacoemulsification group(52 eyes, phacoemulsification combined with Toric IOL implantation)and small-incision group(52 eyes, small-incision split nuclear technique in horizontal space combined with Toric IOL implantation)according to different surgical methods. The best corrected distance visual acuity(BCDVA), corneal astigmatism, number of corneal endothelial cells, proportion of normal hexagonal cells, tear film function and complications were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:There was no significant difference in BCDVA(LogMAR)between the two groups before and at 3mo after surgery(all P&#x003E;0.05), while BCDVA(LogMAR)was better in small-incision group than phacoemulsification group at 1wk after surgery(0.15±0.04 vs. 0.20±0.05, P&#x003C;0.001). The corneal astigmatism of the patients in both groups was lower at 1wk and 3mo after surgery than that before surgery, and it was lower at 3mo than 1wk after surgery(all P&#x003C;0.05), while there was no significant difference in corneal astigmatism between the two groups before and after surgery(all P&#x003E;0.05). At 1wk and 3mo after surgery, number of corneal endothelial cells in small-incision group was more than that in phacoemulsification group(1wk after surgery: 2363.8±315.3 vs. 2231.4±326.4 cells/mm2, P&#x003C;0.05; 3mo after surgery: 2414.6±245.7 vs. 2322.9±221.0 cells/mm2, P&#x003C;0.05). Before and at 1wk after surgery, there was no significant difference in the proportion of normal hexagonal cells between the two groups(all P&#x003E;0.05). At 3mo after surgery, proportion of normal hexagonal cells in small-incision group was higher than that in phacoemulsification group(21.77%±1.91% vs. 20.59%±1.65%, P&#x003C;0.001). Before and at 3mo after surgery, there was no difference in break up time(BUT)or ocular surface disease index(OSDI)score between the two groups(P&#x003E;0.05). At 1wk after surgery, BUT in small-incision group was longer than that in phacoemulsification group(6.8±0.8 vs. 5.9±1.0s, P&#x003C;0.001)and OSDI score was lower than that in phacoemulsification group(17.62±5.47 vs. 20.34±6.18 points, P&#x003C;0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in small-incision group was lower than that in phacoemulsification group(3.9% vs. 17.3%, P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION: Small-incision split nuclear technique in horizontal space combined with Toric IOL implantation can significantly improve visual acuity and astigmatism in patients with age-related cataract, with slight damage to corneal endothelium and tear film function.

Progress on methotrexate gene polymorphisms in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / 国际儿科学杂志

Methotrexate(MTX)is one of the main drugs used to prevent graft-versus-host disease(GVHD)after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, but it can cause a variety of adverse reactions, including severe mucositis, bone marrow suppression and hepatotoxicity.Studies on MTX gene polymorphisms mainly focused on the efficacy and complications of high-dose MTX therapy for various cancers, with relatively few studies on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.From the perspective of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT), this article provided a comprehensive review on the pharmacokinetics, complications, and prognosis with MTX gene polymorphisms in allo-HSCT patients, in order to provide clinical reference.

Co-morbidity of overweight,obesity and depression and its influencing factors among students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the prevalence of overweight, obesity and depression among students in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2019-2022 and explore the relevant factors affecting the co-morbidity of overweight,obesity and depression among students, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention of co-morbidity.@*Methods@#From September 2019 to 2022, used stratified random cluster sampling, 90 519,71 560,90 079,91 089 students were selected from all 12 leagues in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region for questionnaire survey and physical examination. The χ 2 test was used for demographic characteristics and univariate analysis, and a binary Logistic regression model was used to explore the association between lifestyle behaviors and co-morbidity.@*Results@#The detection rate of overweight,obesity among students from 2019-2022 was 29.21%,34.38%,35.20%,34.61%, the detection rate of depression was 18.35%，17.53%，16.43%，16.00%, and the co-morbidity detection rate of the two was 5.52%，5.93%，5.76%，5.46%. The number of overweight,obesity and depression co-morbidity students in 2022 was 4 978 students, and the co-morbidity detection rates of the students were significantly different in terms of the school segments and the family structures ( χ 2=103.51, 99.90, P <0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that consuming sugar sweetened beverages or fried food ≥1 time/d, sometimes or never eat breakfast, watching computer or TV ≥2 h/d, and less than 1 h of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on weekends were positively correlated with the occurrence of the co-morbidity of overweight,obesity and depression, with the value of OR ranging from 1.17 to 1.59 ( P <0.05). Eated fresh fruits or drinking milk and soy milk ≥1 time/d, outdoor activities ≥1 h/d, sleep ≥8 h/d, not smoking and not drinking alcohol were negatively correlated with the occurrence of comorbid overweight,obesity and depression, with the value of OR ranging from 0.47 to 0.92 ( P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#The occurrence of overweight,obesity and depressive symptoms co-morbidity in students is associated with dietary, exercise and lifestyle behavior. Targeted measures should be taken to maintain students healthy weight and prevent the occurrence of depression from the aspects of diet, exercise and life habits.

Co-occurrence trend of school bullying and depression and its correlation with dietary patterns among middle school students from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2021 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the correlation between school bullying and depressive symptoms comorbidity and dietary patterns among middle school students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2021, so as to provide reference for the prevention of school bullying and depressive symptoms.@*Methods@#In September 2021, stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 87 414 middle school students in 12 leagues in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to assess depression, and the bullying was determined according to the items related to bullying in the program of Chinese National Surveillance on Students Common Diseases and Risk Factors.@*Results@#In 2021, the detection rate of depressive symptoms among middle school students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was 15.24%, school bullying was 3.02%, and the co-occurrence of school bullying and depression was 1.64%. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that junior high school students ( OR =1.52) and girls ( OR =1.10) were more likely to suffer from comorbidity of school bullying and depression ( P < 0.05). Eating fried food less than one and more than once a day, smoking and drinking were positively correlated with school bullying and depression comorbidity ( OR =2.15,2.11,2.14,1.70, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The combination of bullying and depression among middle school students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is affected by various dietary methods. In terms of diet, reducing the intake of fried food, no smoking, no drinking can effectively reduce the incidence of co-occurrence school bullying and depression.

Prevalence trend and related factors of scoliosis and myopia co-morbidities among primary and middle school students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2019 to 2022 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the prevalence trend of scoliosis among myopic students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region during 2019-2022, to explore the common etiology of myopia and scoliosis co-morbidities, so as to provide a reference for the development of relevant measures.@*Methods@#The method of stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 181 533, 141 552 , 200 987, 190 918 primary and secondary school students from 12 leagues(103 banners) in Inner Mongolia Atuonomous Region in September each year from 2019 to 2022. And scoliosis screening, vision examination and questionnaire survey were conducted among students in the included studies. The χ 2 test was used to analyze the data, and the binary multivariate Logistic regression model was used to screen the influencing factors of scoliosis and myopia co-morbidities.@*Results@#From 2019 to 2022, the myopia rate of primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was 55.55%-59.72%, scoliosis rate was 1.56 %-2.81% and the rates of scoliosis and myopia co-morbidities were 1.14%-1.95%, and the difference between different years was statistically significant ( χ 2=595.01, 775.56, 461.84, P < 0.05 ). In 2022, the co-morbidity rate was higher in girls than in boys(1.32% vs 0.97%), the rate of urban areas was higher than that of rural areas(2.57% vs 0.62%), the rate of students in vocational high school and high school was higher than that in junior high school and primary school (3.82%,2.47% vs 1.70%,0.42%), the rate of over developed areas was higher than that of poor areas (1.21% vs 0.99%)( χ 2=52.19, 1 269.82, 1 361.52, 17.29, P < 0.05 ). Logistic regression analysis showed that at least 1 h of moderate and high intensity exercise every day on weekends, the number of physical education classes per week was more than 3 sessions, the height of desks and chairs was adjusted according to height, resting outdoors, limiting screen time, and strictly requiring standing and sitting posture were the negative correlated with scoliosis and myopia, and the OR value was 0.65-0.90, reading books or electronic screens while participating in cram classes, walking or riding in the car were positively correlated with comorbid scoliosis and myopia, and the OR values were 1.27 and 1.13 ( P < 0.05), respectively.@*Conclusion@#Behavioral habits severely affect scoliosis and myopic of students. Prevention and control of scoliosis and myopia co-morbidity should start with students behavioral habits, early screening and early intervention.

Diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To investigate the features of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE) in order to improve the preoperative diagnosis rate. Methods: CEUS images of 32 pathologically-proven cases of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma from January 2004 to August 2021 were collected. Lesions were analyzed to observe the features of enhancement mode, enhancement intensity, and distinct enhancement phases. Results: Among the 32 cases, one had a solitary lesion, 29 had multiple lesions, and two had diffuse-type lesions. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound revealed a total of 42 lesions in 32 cases. In terms of arterial phase enhancement, 18 lesions had overall enhancement, six lesions had uneven dendritic enhancement, 16 lesions had rim-like enhancement, and two lesions had just slight peripheral spot enhancement around the lesions. Among the three cases, there were multiple lesions that had overall enhancement and ring enhancement. In terms of the enhancement phase, 20 lesions showed "fast progression", 20 lesions showed "same progression", and two lesions showed "slow progression". During the late arterial or early portal venous phases with rapid washout, all lesions manifested as hypoechoic. With peaked enhanced intensity, 11 lesions had a lower enhancement intensity than the surrounding normal liver parenchyma; 11 lesions had the same enhancement degree as the surrounding normal liver parenchyma; and 20 lesions had a higher enhancement degree than the surrounding normal liver parenchyma. All 16 ring-enhancing lesions had marked hyperenhancement. In the typical enhancing lesions, four showed hyperenhancement, five showed low enhancement, and nine showed isoenhancement. In the dendrite-enhancing lesions, there were two isoenhancing and four hypoenhancing. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound delineated the boundaries of all lesions more clearly than two-dimensional ultrasound. Conclusion: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound has certain value in the diagnosis of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma.

Development and application syndromic surveillance and early warning system in border area in Yunnan Province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To establish a dynamic syndromic surveillance system in the border areas of Yunnan Province based on information technology, evaluate its effectiveness and timeliness in the response to common communicable disease epidemics and improve the communicable disease prevention and control in border areas. Methods: Three border counties were selected for full coverage as study areas, and dynamic surveillance for 14 symptoms and 6 syndromes were conducted in medical institutions, the daily collection of information about students' school absence in primary schools and febrile illness in inbound people at border ports were conducted in these counties from January 2016 to February 2018 to establish an early warning system based on mobile phone and computer platform for a field experimental study. Results: With syndromes of rash, influenza-like illness and the numbers of primary school absence, the most common communicable disease events, such as hand foot and mouth disease, influenza and chickenpox, can be identified 1-5 days in advance by using EARS-3C and Kulldorff time-space scanning models with high sensitivity and specificity. The system is easy to use with strong security and feasibility. All the information and the warning alerts are released in the form of interactive charts and visual maps, which can facilitate the timely response. Conclusions: This system is highly effective and easy to operate in the detection of possible outbreaks of common communicable diseases in border areas in real time, so the timely and effective intervention can be conducted to reduce the risk of local and cross-border communicable disease outbreaks. It has practical application value.

Clinical outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of failed fixation of proximal humeral fracrtures in the elderly patients / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the clinical outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty as a revision procedure for the failed fixation of proximal humeral fractures in the elderly patients.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on 8 patients with failed internal fixation of proximal humeral fractures from May 2014 to March 2020, including 3 males and 5 females, aged from 65 to 75 years old. All 8 patients underwent reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, and the mean time between initial fixation and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty ranged from 8 to 16 months. Range of motion(ROM), University of California at Los Angeles(UCLA) shoulder score, visual analogue scale (VAS), self-rating anxiety scale(SAS), and Constant-Murley score of shoulder function were assessed pre-operatively and at the last follow-up. Complications relating to the surgery were recorded.@*RESULTS@#All 8 patients successfully followed up. The mean follow-up after reverse total shoulder arhroplasty ranged from 16 to 28 months. The range of motion (forward flexion, external rotation, abduction and internal rotation) of the affected shoulder was significantly improved after surgery, and the post-operative VAS, SAS and UCLA scores were also significantly improved. For the Constant-Murley score of shoulder joint function, the total scores and the subscores of pain, daily activities, range of motion and strength test at the last follow-up were all significantly improved. Scapular glenoid notch was observed in patient, which was evaluated as grade 1 on imaging. All the other patients did not develop specific or non-specific complications.@*CONCLUSION@#Reverse total shoulder arhroplasty is an appropriate treatment as a revision surgery for failed fixation of proximal humeral fractures. It has shown satisfactory clinical outcomes, accelerating the rehabilitation of shoulder function and improving the quality of life.